| The figure illustrates how sensor data from an ocean-going vessel can be transformed into a digital twin through a structured data-modelling process. It shows that data collected from onboard systems is first organized using ontologies, which provide a shared semantic structure. These ontologies then support the creation of knowledge graphs that connect vessel systems, components, sensor observations, and operational context. Through this representation, the vessel can be modelled as a system of systems, forming the foundation for developing a digital twin structure for ocean-going vessels. |
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